Energy Drinks Market Essay Example for Free

Caffeinated Drinks Market Essay What are caffeinated drinks? Cola and espresso drinks have for quite some time been advanced and known as caffeinated drinks intended to give you a little jolt of energy, for the most part as caffeine and sugar. Shock Cola during the 80s was one of the early passages in the caffeinated drink advertise, with twofold the caffeine of ordinary colas, it was showcased towards youngsters and undergrads as an approach to get a vitality edge and keep you conscious and invigorated. Their motto, indeed, was double the caffeine. Shock has in certainty as of late been resurrected given the achievement of other caffeinated drinks. What are the most mainstream caffeinated drinks? Red Bull, made by an Austrian organization, truly characterized the class, and was propelled in Europe in the late 1980s. Their trademark is Red Bull gives you wings, with pictures of winged bulls flying in their advertisements and logos. Red Bull truly picked up in prominence and acclaim in the late 90s and into the new millenium, setting off an entirely different market fragment of refreshments caffeinated drinks. They sold more than 1 billion jars of Red Bull in 2000, and their development proceeds until this day. Red Bull is evaluated to command 60-70% of the caffeinated drink advertise it is well known with teenagers as far as possible up through individuals in their 30s Red Bull and Vodka is a major beverage at in vogue bars. One of the fundamental elements of Red Bull is taurine a compound substance expected to expand vitality levels. In any case, caffeine is the fundamental segment that gives Red Bull its kick. One 8 oz. can contains 80mg of caffeine (about equivalent to some espresso) and 27g of sugar. Why drink Red Bull? On the off chance that you visit their site, RedBull. com, youll read that drinking Red Bull builds execution, expands focus, improves carefulness, improves passionate status, and animates digestion. Is any of this valid? Who knows, yet there is a whole age of youngsters that depend on it. The Energy Drink Market Full Throttle, Monster, Rockstar With the accomplishment of Red Bull, a huge number of copycat drinks were overwhelmed into the commercial center. The most well known caffeinated drinks are Monster, Full Throttle, and Rockstar. Max speed is made and possessed by Coca Cola, much the same as their Coke Blak mix of espresso/cola drink. Max speed caffeinated drink is promoted as an insubordinate beverage, with blazes emitting on the can, resembling a bunch of Harley Davidson or something. A 8 oz. serving has 110 calories (arrives in a 16 oz can) and 29g of sugar. It likewise packs things like ginseng separate (to keep you sharp) and a lot of caffeine. Max speed Fury accompanies a citrus flavor and a red can, rather than the standard dark can. Originating from Coke, it is nearly Fanta Orange like in flavor, versus the somewhat citrussy enhanced form of the first. Max speed was a maverick to the market, propelled in 2005. It is focused at 20-multi year elderly people men, and contains taurine like Red Bull. Beast Energy Drink Rockstar Monster caffeinated drink is one more rival in this jam-packed field. Not at all like Red Bull which comes in the diminuitive 8 oz. jars, Rockstar comes in the bigger 16oz. jars, similar to the various caffeinated drinks (estimated around $1. 89 for every can is additionally really standard). It likewise has a sweet citrussy taste like Red Bull. The Monster logo appears as though 3 paw marks tearing the can open. They additionally make a low-carb adaptation and Khaos, the juice beast. Beast Energy Assault is their entrance into the soda seasoned market, however with a similar vitality kick to separate it. At last, there is Rockstar caffeinated drink, from the creators of Hansens Natural Sodas. Their adage is party like a rockstar, directed obviously at the more youthful group who needs to be wild and insane and remain up throughout the night. They make a few kinds of Rockstar cola, caffeinated drink, and squeezed (which is a lot of like Monster Khaos). The caffeinated drink assortment has a comparable taste to all the others, while the cola form tastes superior to most (it has a slight kick to the trailing sensation, in contrast to most conventional colas). The squeezed rendition is our top choice, with a fresh kind of mango, orange, and energy natural product, leaving you with no trailing sensation. It is really 70% genuine natural product juice (and 100% vitality as they guarantee! ). They were the first to utilize the 16oz bigger size, and this has gotten on and turn into the norm. Just Red Bull keeps on showcasing the littler jars, which is a piece of their picture. While the UK is surely not by any means the only market in Europe where vitality and sports drinks are huge business nor in fact is it the enormous Bars and clubs stay significant outlets for caffeinated drinks across Europe Many individuals will attempt a caffeinated drink brand without precedent for a bar, with or without liquor there is a developing pattern towards ordinary utilization as a wellspring of vitality. This in itself hurls different difficulties not least how the brands, and the stores that sell them, separate themselves from one another. This has prompted a scope of new items, which separate themselves from Red Bull through bundling, or shading, or taste, or through what they contain, said Hall. Buyers are progressively learned, and they see increasingly more about the fixings in these beverages, so if the science is acceptable, it very well may be a genuine selling point. Sports drinks are maybe an a valid example. They are commonly connected with caffeinated drinks, and to be sure have various likenesses as far as usefulness and target crowd. However they are by and large devoured in various circumstances they are probably not going to be expended in a bar, for instance and effectsly affect the body. I think its consistent with state that sports drinks advertising is progressively subject to science, Hall said. PowerAde and Lucozade are driving the study of game into the standard. Gatorade has not yet accomplished that in Europe, yet might be helped by the ongoing difference in possession [it was purchased by PepsiCo from Quaker Oats]. Be that as it may, in the event that we see a three-way advertising push from these driving brands, at that point the state of the European market could change drastically. In spite of the fact that there are contrasts among sports and caffeinated drinks, they are tied in with garnish up, empowering individuals to get increasingly out of their lives or their exercises. The items have a typical objective crowd youngsters with loads of spending power and the open doors are there for brilliant development. However, there are expected dangers also. There have been accounts of unfriendly responses to caffeinated drinks, in spite of the fact that the beverages have never been completely connected to the issues. The organizations have consistently rushed to react to potential issues, for example, these, regardless of whether they were sure that the issue was not a consequence of the beverage, said Hall. These beverages are continually pushing the limits of science, and there is a contention that says can we ever be absolutely certain about any items wellbeing. What we need is an equalization of judgment, and generally that is the thing that we make. KOTLER, Philip. , Marketing the executives/Philip Kotler, Kevin Keller.? Twelfth ed. , Pearson Prentice Hall. Englewood-Cliffs, New Jersey, KOTLER, Philip. , Principles of Marketing, Second European Ed. , Prentice Hall Europe, London, 1999. Watchman, Michael E. , What is system, Harvard business audit, Nov-Dec 1996.

How to Write an Admissions Essay For College

How to Write an Admissions Essay For CollegeHow to write an admissions essay for college can be an exercise in frustration and some eagerness to avoid the process. And yet, as everyone knows, the admissions process at colleges and universities is essential to a student's admission to the school they wish to attend. Writing an admissions essay requires time, patience, and attention to detail. It is most effective to take advice from a professional essay writer.Most college students struggle with this process. It can be intimidating to read through sample essays on the internet or via email. It can be even more stressful to send a piece of writing back to someone who has not done their homework. You want to make sure that you don't miss anything and are fair in your assessment of their work.College admissions essays require critical thinking and skills in areas such as argument, topic selection, and writing style. There are no specific rules to follow when writing a college admissions essay. Your aim should be to communicate with confidence and have your essay clearly written in a concise manner.Essays can vary from college to college. They should reflect a variety of different types of topics. A student can tackle topics such as admissions essays, religion, music, sports, or even language. It all depends on the type of school, and some schools allow multiple essays to be submitted at the same time.Essays can also be written by individuals. It is important to know what you are getting into before writing an essay. If the subject matter does not reflect well on your personal attributes or learning ability, you might have a difficult time making a strong point with the information you have gathered.This is why many students choose to compose a writing assignment during a college composition class. Students in the class work together to produce a group essay. They share ideas and learn about the different ways they approach writing essays. The class process helps th e students become more comfortable in writing an essay and helps them become aware of the various techniques they can use.Essays can be done by individuals, but it can be frustrating to write one from scratch. If this is the case, a simple download can be used to guide you through the process. Most tools will allow you to adjust the style and tone of the essay.The process of writing admissions essays for college can be frustrating and confusing. But if you prepare yourself properly and choose a good resource to use for your assignments, it can be a fun process that can help you get ready for the first day of college. When you know what to expect and how to write an admissions essay for college, it can be a wonderful learning experience.

Some Statistic About Playing Online Games In Vietnam Media Essay

Some Statistic About Playing Online Games In Vietnam Media Essay 1. Presentation The advancement of innovation in the 21st century has been bringing to us numerous points of interest. One of these is web based games-a well known sort of game among youngsters. Web based games can be just characterized as games which can be played online over the web. Web based games likewise can be played against various clients in various areas. The pattern of playing web based games is getting progressively famous because of the various favorable circumstances they offer. Playing web based games has a great deal of advantages since it encourages us to unwind and engage. Anyway simultaneously, web based games additionally have impediments on the off chance that we play excessively and individuals ought to be cautious. Hence, there are a wide range of perspectives about web based gaming. This paper, to assist stop with gaming habit, will talk about the inquiries of what effects do web based games can bring and what should we do to abstain from gaming compulsion. 2. Conversation of discoveries 2.1 Some measurement about playing internet games in Vietnam An overview done by Education and Training Department in 2010 out of 1121 schools in Hanoi had indicated that there were 12.724 understudies playing internet games in excess of ten times each week and there were 626 understudies going through ten hours playing web based games each time. Particularly, 2920 understudies said that spent in any event 20 VND each time. To get the cash for playing, 121.365/370.387 understudies asked from guardians, 65336 understudies asked sisters and siblings, and 35615 asked companions. Others sources were from their cash for breakfast and educational cost. That implies teenagers were subject to grown-ups and they couldn't stand to mess around. There are numerous sorts of web based games in Vietnam showcase. At 2010, there were 69 endorsed internet games; nonetheless; there were really 102 games previously flowing available to be purchased. Numerous games likes Vo Lam Truyen Ky, Chinh Do include virtual battling, devastation, slaughtering, passing on and numerous pictures of knifes, blades and a weapons like that. Most gamers want to turn into the most grounded. In this manner, they pays loads of cash and exertion to buy weapons, invest a lot of energy playing web based games to expand their level and take an interest in individual or gathering regardless of night or day. 2.2 The points of interest and burdens of playing web based games 2.2.1 The benefits of playing web based games The principal advantage we can see is that internet games are considerably more helpful than conventional games (Jim 2009). Following a bustling day from school, kids can return home or go to the Internet shop to mess around. Just by barely any snaps, they can play a variety of games. Everything is done on PCs so it is likewise simpler for kids. Besides, the expense of web based games is less expensive than different ones, so online players can appreciate free games and simply need pay from five to ten VND to the shop (gamek.vn 2011). As per a few inquires about on the Internet, playing web based games permits players to be greater adaptability and assortment, and can invigorate the players, even cause the players to turn out to be increasingly creative and astute. As the system game, there are numerous and shifted assignments or battle for gold to complete, so it can prepare that players thinking and flexibility. When messing around, teenagers can make companions through the Internet and figure out how to manage relations and shared regard. Likewise, in spite of the fact that the virtual world is an anecdotal world, the companions are still genuine so they can feel the kinship between players. By playing web based games, youngsters can get familiar with the soul of solidarity, participation and cooperation, for example, how groups cooperate to manage abhorrent ground-breaking adversaries and do group errands. At the point when adolescents with their group participate in the war, they have to discover numerous app roaches to help and to spare one another, so they can beat the opponents and finish the game (itemah.com 2011). 2.2.2 The disservices of playing web based games Obviously alongside the favorable circumstances, there are a couple of burdens of playing web based games however just if young people have no influence over their activities. Internet games can be extremely addictive, and the habit can genuinely affect the more youthful in term of physical and psychological wellness. Web based game is an indoor and inactive movement. Thusly, investing a ton of energy messing around can prompt some medical issue like cerebral pain, limitation, stress, obliviousness and some more. The article Online games ruin gamers lives (Saigon-gp.com.vn 2009) has given a case of a gaming fiend a little youngster who remained at the shop for multi week and scarcely left her PC for one moment or a kid played web based games consistently for six days-smelt entirely terrible and looked depleted. This model demonstrates that youngsters presently can invest the vast majority of their energy sitting before the PC screens from early morning until late without eating anyth ing or accomplishing something different. Besides, this can prompt absence of physical exercises among adolescents and they will lose or put on weight immediately, become lazier, less dynamic and informative. Issues with work, mental and breakdowns in close to home connections are a few results as well. They likewise couldn't care less about everything around or talk with nobody else (John 2012). Besides, web based games fixation was seen as related with lower grade point normal and school execution (Daria and Mark, 2012, p.10, refered to in Chan and Rabinowitz, 2006; Gen-tile, 2009; Choo et al., 2010; Gen-tile et al., 2011) Another conspicuous outcome of web based game compulsion is brutality or wrongdoing. Tauqueer H (2011) expressed: This won't just mischief people and families however it will likewise have an outrageous adverse effect on the general public. The greater part of the calamities that occur in families start from web based betting exercises that urge the players to assault their relatives or take their benefits other than submitting different offenses. Additionally having the comparative assessment, Prof Bushman likewise stated: Those who played savage internet games consistently took a gander at the world through the forceful eyes and that the world is a position of animosity and threatening vibe. He finished up: Gaming isn't the main source of animosity however it is a significant factor influencing to teenagers conduct which develops after some time. (C.Nguyen 2012). They underscored the way that savage can genuinely influence youngsters through internet game and this can not be excused on the off chance that we don't need terrible things happen to our kids. 2.3 Solutions It is has been proposed in the article Toa thuoc nao khi con nghien game (baomoi.com 2009) that there are four different ways to forestall gaming fixation. The primary way is allowing adolescents to play if his evaluation is acceptable. That implies on the off chance that he got along admirably at school like finish the test with high scores or his evaluation is better than anyone might have expected, being permitted to mess around can be considered as a prize. The subsequent advance is letting the kid use PC on the off chance that you sit close to him/her. Obviously he can be awkward however that is the main way you can watch him and disclose to him when to quit playing. The third significant arrangement is urging adolescents to take part in outside exercises like playing sports, outdoors, shopping. This activity can support them progressively dynamic, adaptable and help them to disregard playing web based games throughout the day. In any case, if young people have been dependent for playing web based games for quite a while, you may need to erase the product related with the game or square the related sites. Individuals can likewise go to the analysts to request advices. 3. End: From the discoveries above, obviously game online dependence in Vietnam is as yet a major issue. The quantity of adolescent playing web based games is expanding and grown-ups by one way or another can not control their youngsters. Be that as it may, there are likewise motivations to accept compulsion in web based games will diminish in the next years on the off chance that we realize how to take focal points of internet games and the answer for dodge fixation. At that point, ideally, nobody should stress over letting their kids play web based games. (Word check: 1334 words)

Why Health Workers Fail to Communicate Effectively - 550 Words

Health Communication and Why Health Workers fail to Communicate Effectively with Patients (Essay Sample) Content: Health CommunicationNameInstitution of AffiliationDateOver several decades, Health Communication proves to be a concern area since most health workers around the world fail to communicate effectively to patients. An emerging issue attributes to diversity in language. These concerns entail insensitivity of most healthcare workers to the concerns of patients. Health communication therefore is the interpretation and dissemination of issues that relates to health (Steinberg, 2007, p. 307). This paper evaluates the concept of health communication through various ways to campaign for this concept and specific Education Specialists that advocates for this concept.There are several ways to assist with campaign towards a candidate with a similar health motive. It is necessary to note that campaigns are usually unusual short-lived organizations and to assist this campaigns one needs to vote. This means to vote for a candidate that supports ideas that is consistent with particul ar ideas one supports. It is necessary to realize that a vote is very important in a low turnout vote casts and one needs to confirm with necessary entities on their voting eligibility. Another way to assist with a campaign is to let the candidate of choice know about the issues that they are to address with respect to health communication. This is possible is the candidates calls on particular people, meets at a local food store or a meeting in the community. To assist in a campaign that helps push forward particular agenda, it is a requirement to disperse a message that is required. This involves a talk with neighbors, family or perhaps friends about these issues so that they can vote in candidates who help to push forward the agenda.In a bid to help in a campaign for agenda that pertains to the health communication strategies, there is need to volunteer time. Campaigns mostly depend on voluntary assistance in terms of resources or time and candidates would really be grateful if a ssistance comes from volunteers. It is however, necessary to realize that there is no experience towards voluntary campaign assistance. The other way to help with a campaign that supports ones ideas, it is necessary to give financial aid if one has the capacity because candidates who are destined to win and help with particular agenda requires money for campaigns.A health Education Specialist who aids in a campaign towards a health agenda requires some competency and responsibilities. There are seven areas of responsibility that defines the role of a health education specialist verified by the Health Educator Job Analysis Project in 2010, which applies as foundation for CHES and MCHES exams that would take effect by 2011. Each area of responsibility has competency levels. Area of Responsibility one: this entails competency levels one point one up to one point seven whose job is to; plan assessment process, access data, determine what exists in behavioral, environmental as well as g enetics that aids or compromise this concept a , among other roles. Area of Responsibility one therefore access community as well as individual needs pertaining to health education. The second area of responsibility is the one that is involved with planning of health education. It has corresponding competency levels from two point one up to two point four. Notable among the competency roles are the process of planning, develop goals and objectives select and design strategies as well as interventions.The implementation of health education is vested in the third Area of Responsibility with corresponding com...

Lower Level English Grammar Quiz

Essay on The US Should Learn from the Finns - 1308 Words

American education has been in decline since 1970’s and into the Post-Cold War era in comparison to other OECD nations (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Since then, the U.S. has chosen to standardize two major factors in American education: what gets taught, and how kids get assessed (Townsend, 2013). Scores from PISA (Program for International Student Assessment), a test that compares educational levels across nations found that, out of 34 countries the U.S. ranked 14th in reading, 17th in science and 25th in math, far behind the highest scoring countries like Finland (USAToday, 2010). It would be difficult to pinpoint any one issue as the sole problem with American education, because the educational system does†¦show more content†¦Researchers estimate that gains made by students in those 11 countries equate to about two years of learning in American education. As a solution, the federal government has made hefty financial commitments to educa tion in recent years, including the implementation of No Child Left Behind and the subsequent waivers from the standards-based law as well as the influx of about $89 billion in stimulus dollars to prevent teacher layoffs, keep class sizes down and avoid program cuts. Although dumping money into the system is far from a reasonable solution. The United States spends more per student, on average, than other countries. In the 2009 PISA study, only Luxembourg spent more per student. The report notes that countries like Estonia and Poland perform at about the same level as the United States, while spending less than half the amount per student (USAToday, 2010). As a nation once harboring world’s brightest minds, and with its current subpar educational performance, you would ought to think that the US Department of Education and the US Congress would be keen on developing a forward thinking system that improves studentShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1 005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. 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Accounting for Managers Wesfarmers Limited

Question: Discuss about the Accounting for Managers Wesfarmers Limited. Answer: Introduction The report describes about the assumptions, and judgments that need to be made in preparing the financial statements for the company. These assumptions and judgments differ from company to company, hence for better understanding to the topic, report describes about the impact of these judgments on the financial performances of the company (Saccer, Malis Pavic, 2016). Besides this, the report does ratio analysis for wesfarmers limited which is an Australian company, founded in 1914. The report after ratio analysis does a critical analysis over the company ratios. At last the, the impact of ratio analysis on the company shareholders has been described. The Key areas of accounting judgment The financial statements in a company are prepared according to the rules and regulations formed by (IFRS) International financial reporting standards. The company must also follow the rules and regulations formed by (IASB) International accounting standard board (KPMG, 2017). According to the board, the management of the company is required to make some assumptions and estimates. The compliance of accounting policies in the financial statements required some assumptions and judgments. These assumptions make the understanding of financial statements complex (Chea, 2011). Every companys management has different assumptions and judgments in regard to compliance with the accounting policies. These judgments and assumptions are variable in nature that is, it changes according to the changes in market condition or change in organizational structure. Management has to take care while forming a judgment that is judgment should be formed while considering the uncertainties, and future plans of organization (Deloitte, 2017). After forming appropriate judgments and estimations, the management needs to mention these judgments in footnotes of the companys financial statements. The judgments formed by the financial managements of the company affect the net amount that would be recorded in the financial statements. The report discusses about the various aspects where various assumptions and judgments can be applied (Deloitte, 2010). These are as follows: Recognition to assets Assets are to be recognized at book value. This means that the changes in market value or face value have to be ignored. However the changes in the valuation of assets and liabilities would be considered while valuing the goodwill (International federation of accountants, 2011). Recording of transactions Only those transactions are disclosed which can martially affect the decisions of investor. This is done for better understanding the working of organization and to reduce complexity, as more transactions and dealings if mentioned can lead to confusion in the minds of the consumer (John Wiley Sons, 2006). Recognition to revenue and expenses In accounting policies, revenue and expenses are recognized on accrual basis. That is, as the revenue or expense is due it has to be recorded in the financial statements, no matter whether the payment has been received or paid or not (Essentials performance objectives). Recognition of uncertainties To recognize the uncertainties, management need to make provisions for example provision for doubtful debts, provision for taxation etc. the amount to these provision is from profit for the year, hence increase in the provisions will reduce the profit of the entity (EC staff, 2011). Impact of judgments on reported financial performance and position The use of judgments and estimation effects the presentation of financial statements. The use of judgements leads to changes in valuation of tangible and intangible assets in financial statements. The financial statement helps the management in quantifying the impact of judgments on overall performances of financial and operational management. The effect of judgment in assets and liability structure of the financial statements can be in terms of rate of depreciation applied, life of the asset or license, scrap value of fixed assets, value to be shown in the financial statements, of the fixed assets installed in the organization. However implications of judgements in the financial statements have not made any affect in valuation of current assets and current liabilities (Deloitte, 2009). Company background Wesfarmers is a public company diversified into chemicals, coal mining, fisheries, and industrial and safety products. The company is founded in 1914, headquartered in Perth, Western Australia. The chairman of the company is Michael Chaney, and CEO is Richard Goyder. The company targets consumers of Australia, Bangladesh, Ireland, New Zealand, and United Kingdom. The main competitors of Wesfarmers limited are: Best Less, Myer, Woolworths and hs home (Wesfarmers). Key operating areas The company deals in diversified range of products. Company involves in liquor, supermarkets, convenience stores, hotels, office supplies, home improvement, and departmental stores. The company is also involved in providing industry products such as fertilizers, chemicals, energy and safety products. It is one of the largest companies in Australia having more than 2, 20,000 employees and a shareholder base of more than 5, 30,000 (Keith, 2012). Internal and external factors impacting or likely to impact the company performances Internal factors Internal factors are those which affect the company internally. These are the factors that can be controlled by the management itself. Internal factors in a company can be said as: strength, weakness, competitive advantage, employees, technology, machinery, human resource, and marketing plans. However there are many internal plans that can impact the performance of the company. In case of wesfarmers limited some of the internal factors which can make some impact in the performance are discussed as below: Segment: the market of the company is segmented in grocery shoppers, home, office and industry supplies. Target: the company targets those consumers which seek variety, convenience, services and discounts. Wesfarmers limited majorly targets the consumers of Australia, Ireland, Bangladesh, United Kingdom and New Zealand. Positioning: the company has positioned itself as dealing in various kinds of products and industries. Strength: the strength of the company is that it has been established long before that is in 1914. That helps the company in increasing the brand strategy. The company is highly focused on increasing the quality and performances of the products and services provided by it. The sales of the company are done mostly on online basis. The company has a large employee staff that is more than 2, 20,000. Weakness: although the company has a good brand image in the mind of shareholders but still, the company lacks in maintaining or increasing the confidence of shareholders towards the company. The major weakness of the company is in technological aspect. In the competitive world, the company lacks in developing the technological aspects (Pahl Richter, 2009). External factors The external factors are those, which are out of the control from company. This means that company cannot eliminate these completely. However the company can reduce the impact of these factors on the performances. In the given case study of wesfarmers limited the external factors which can affect the company performances are as: opportunity, threats, political and legal factors, social and cultural factors, technological factors (Kazmi, 2008). Opportunity: wesfarmers limited has an opportunity can change its product and services range in order to meet the changing requirements of consumers. The company is in a better position to make improvement in business performances. This will help the company in managing the level of competition. The business can improve its core competency to reduce the impact of external factors. The wesfarmers has an opportunity to increase the business and size of the activities and improve facilities. This will help the company in increasing its scope of business and would help the company in targeting consumers of other country. Threats: the company faces a lot of competition from its competitors; this affects the business development plans of the company. It has been observed by the company operations that the competitors of the company follow aggressive strategy towards wesfarmers. The competitor of the company produces similar kind of products and services as of wesfarmers limited. Political and legal factors: as the company targets consumers of various regions, hence it is the key responsibility of the company to follow the foreign import policies. Due to various target markets, the company faces a lot of international pressure, due to which the company has to comply with various regulatory bodies and government policies. Economic factors: due to large target markets targeted by the company, wesfarmers limited faces risk of changes in economic cycle of other country. Besides this, the company faces risk of competition from rivalry in other nations. Hence to reduce the impact of economic factors, the company must improve its outbound logistics that is supply chain management by employing a good staff of supplier and distributors (Richter, 2012). Social: wesfarmers limited company faces a risk of social factors, in terms of change in consumer fashion, trends and tastes. Therefore due to economic factors as faced by the company, it faces risk of brand and company image in the minds of consumer. Technological factors: wesfarmers limited is highly involved in online selling, but it lacks in competing with its competitors in terms of meeting technological factors. This impacts the sales and brand image of the company in minds of consumers, which overall impacts the market share of the company (Rao, Rao, Sivaramaakrishna, 2009). Ratio analysis Ratios are calculated from the items mentioned in income statement and balance sheet of the company. It enables the comparison from one company to another in terms of financial data. Ratio analysis describes about the company performance and helps in doing comparison with industry or other competitor. There are wide ratios to facilitate the comparison of the company either from itself or from other rivalry competitor. The given report discusses about the liquidity ratio, efficiency ratio, profitability ratio, coverage ratio and market share ratio (Business, 2016). Liquidity ratio Liquidity ratio depicts the relationship of short term assets and short term liabilities. It tells the company that whether it would be able to meet the short term liabilities from its short term assets. The liquidity ratio consists of current ratio and quick ratio (Tracy, 2012). Efficiency ratio It is also called as asset turnover ratio. Efficiency ratio describes about the efficiency of management to generate sales from its assets, inventory. This ratio is used by management to identify inefficiency; it is also used by creditors to get ensure about the liquidity of the company. In efficiency ratio, the report has done an analysis over inventory turnover ratio, days sales in inventory, accounts receivable turnover, days sales outstanding, total assets turnover and fixed assets turnover (Bragg, 2012). Leverage ratio It depicts the company ability to pay of fixed payment from the company earnings and equity. It describes about the long term solvency of the company. In case of leverage ratio, total debt ratio, debt to equity ratio, equity multiplier, times interest earned, cash coverage has been analyzed (Friedlob Welton, 2008). Profitability ratio Profitability ratio defines the relationship between the sales of the company and its profits. It depicts the percentage of profits that is arrived from sales. In profitability ratio, the report does a critical evaluation over operating profit margin, profit margin, and return on assets (ROA), Return on equity (ROE), and ROA (Du Point) (Gibson, 2009). Market value performance This is the main ratio that needs to be analyzed by the shareholders before investing in any company. This ratio depicts the earning of the company in terms of assets equipped in the company. It also defines the relationship between the market value and book value of the company. The report describes about market value performance, earning per share, price earnings ratio and market to book ratio (Nuhu, 2014). Following is a tabular presentation of ratio analysis of wesfarmers limited. Wesfarmers limited Particulars Amount (m$) 2015 2016 current assets 9093 9684 current liabilities 9726 10424 inventory 5497 6260 average inventory 5878.5 quick assets 3596 3424 net sales 62447 65981 account recievable 2269 2463 Average receivables 1134.5 total assets 40402 40783 fixed assets 31309 31099 total debts 17834 15621 total equity 24781 22949 EBIT 3759 1346 Depreciation 1219 1296 Interest expense 315 308 EAT 2240 407 Shares outstanding 21844 21937 Market price per share 41.31 39.92 Earnings price per share 216.1 36.2 Book value per share 22.05 23 Ratio abalysis Liquidity ratio Current ratio 0.934916718 0.929009977 Quick ratio 0.369730619 0.328472755 Efficiency ratio Inventory turnover 10.62294803 Days sales in inventory 34.35957692 Accounts receivable turnover 55.04363156 Days sales outstanding 6.631103175 Total Asset turnover 1.545641305 1.617855479 Fixed asset turnover 1.994538312 65981 Leverage ratio Total debt ratio 0.441413791 0.383027242 Debt to equity ratio 0.719664259 0.680683254 Equity multiplier 1.263427626 1.777114471 Times interest earned 11.93333333 4.37012987 Cash coverage 15.8031746 8.577922078 Profitability ratios Operating profit margin 6.01950454 2.039981207 Profit margin 3.587041811 0.616844243 Return on assets (ROA) 0.0554428 0.009979648 Return on Equity (ROE) 9.039183245 1.773497756 ROA (DuPont) 0.0554428 0.009979648 Market value performance Earnings per share 0.102545321 0.018553129 Price earnings ratio 0.191161499 1.102762431 Market to book ratio 1.873469388 1.735652174 (Wesfarmers, 2016). Comment on key areas related to business performance The company has increase in liquidity ratio, which means that company is improving over its liquidity. In case of inventory receivables in days company takes 34 days to convert its inventory into sales. While in case of account receivable in days, company takes only 6 days to covert its receivables into cash. This shows the efficiency of management. Here in calculation of account receivables and inventory ratio, the number of days in a year is assumed as 365 days for better understanding to the ratio. In case of leverage ratio, the debt has been increase in 2016 in comparison to 2015. This has created some risk to equity shareholders. Hence company should take some measures to ensure the shareholders in terms of risk and payment of dividend. Total asset multiplier depicts the assets of the company in terms of number of shares held. In 2016, equity multiplier ratio has been decreased due to fall in equity in 2016 by 0.42%. Times interest expenses shows the amount of EBIT that is earni ng before interest and tax on interest expenses. The company has increase time interest earned in 2016, by 63%. This was due to increase in earnings before interest and taxes by 64% in 2016. The company has increased its cash coverage ratio by 9% in 2016. The operating profits and net profit margin has reduced in comparison to 2015. This is due to decrease in the net sales. In calculation of profit margin, EAT means earning after tax. Return on assets defines the amount of profits earned due to assets, while return on equity defines the relationship between the earning available to equity shareholders and number of shareholders in the company. In the given case of wesfarmers, the company has increased its return on assets and return on equity due to increase in profits. Du point analysis defines the relationship between the profits and total assets of the company. Wesfarmers has increased its du point ratio due to increase in the earnings in 2016. In case of market value performance s, the earning per share has been increase by 81% in 2016, this is due to increase in earning of the company and decrease in the shareholding of the company. Due to increase in the earnings per share in 2016, the price earnings ratio has been declined in 2016. There are not much variation in market to book value ratio in 2016 as compare to 2015, due to not much variation in market value and book value of the shares (Dalabeeh, 2013). Analysis for shareholders to whether increase or reduce the investment in the company By analyzing the company ratio analysis, it can be said that the company has a good position in the market. It has a good liquidity position. Besides this the company has sufficient profits to provide dividend to the shareholders and pay off the interest expenses on long term debts. Hence it is advisable for investors to increase the shareholding wesfarmers limited (Adedeji, 2014). Conclusion It has been assumed by the unsophisticated readers that the data mentioned in the financial statements is purely on objective basis. The elements in financial statements involve little elements of judgment. Judgments can differ from company to company; hence it is the responsibility of the financial management of the company to disclose all the judgments in financial statements of the company. According to the ratio analysis, it has been analyzed that company has good command over liquidity has efficiency in getting converted its inventory and receivables into cash. This lays a positive impact in the mind of investors. Besides this the company profits are increased by a large percentage, which builds confidence in the minds of shareholders of the company. References Adedeji, E, A,. 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